【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforNon-DestructiveAssayofNuclearMaterialinWastebyPassiveandActiveNeutronCountingUsingaDifferentialDie-AwaySystem
【原文标准名称】:用差动衰减系统钝化-活化中子计数法对废物中的核物质进行无损分析的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMC1493-2001
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2001
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C26.10
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:non-destructiveassay;nuclearmaterialsinwaste;passiveandactiveneutroncounting;differentialdie-awaysystem;uranium;plutonium
【摘要】:1.1Thistestmethodcoversasystemthatperformsnondestructiveassay(NDA)ofuraniumorplutonium,orboth,usingtheactive,differentialdie-awaytechnique(DDT),andpassiveneutroncoincidencecounting.Resultsfromtheactiveandpassivemeasurementsarecombinedtodeterminethetotalamountoffissileandspontaneously-fissioningmaterialindrumsofscraporwasteaslargeas208L.Correctionsaremadetothemeasurementsfortheeffectsofneutronmoderationandabsorption,assumingthattheeffectsareaveragedoverthevolumeofthedrumandthatnosignificantlumpsofnuclearmaterialarepresent.Thesesystemsaremostwidelyusedtoassaylow-levelandtransuranicwaste,butmayalsobeusedforthemeasurementofscrapmaterials.Whilethistestmethodisspecifictothesecond-generationLosAlamosNationalLaboratory(LANL)passive-activeneutronassaysystem,theprincipleappliestootherDDTsystems.1.1.1Intheactivemode,thesystemmeasuresfissileisotopessuchas235Uand239Pu.Theneutronsfromapulsed,14-MeVneutrongeneratorarethermalizedtoinducefissionintheassayitem.Betweengeneratorpulses,thesystemdetectsprompt-fissionneutronsemittedfromthefissilematerial.Thenumberofdetectedneutronsbetweenpulsesisproportionaltothemassoffissilematerial.Thismethodiscalledthedifferentialdie-awaytechnique.1.1.2Inthepassivemode,thesystemdetectstime-coincidentneutronsemittedfromspontaneouslyfissioningisotopes.Theprimaryisotopesmeasuredare238Pu,240Pu,and242Pu;however,thesystemmaybeadaptedforuseonotherspontaneously-fissioningisotopesaswell.Thenumberofcoincidentneutronsdetectedisproportionaltothemassofspontaneously-fissioningmaterial.1.2Theactivemodeisusedtoassayfissilematerialinthefollowingranges.1.2.1Foruranium-bearingitems,theDDTcanmeasurethe235Ucontentintherangefrom0.02toover100g.Normally,theassayofitemsbearingonlyuraniumisperformedusingmatrix-specificcalibrationstoaccountfortheeffectofthematrixontheactivesignal.1.2.2Forplutonium-bearingitems,theDDTmethodmeasuresthe239Pucontentintherangebetween0.01and20g.1.3Thepassivemodeiscapableofassayingspontaneously-fissioningnuclei,overanominalrangefrom0.05to15gof240Pu,orequivalent.Thepassivemodecanalsobeusedtomeasurelarge(forexample,kg)quantitiesof238U.1.4Thistestmethodrequiresknowledgeoftherelativeabundancesoftheplutoniumoruraniumisotopestodeterminethetotalplutoniumoruraniummass.1.5Thistestmethodwillgivebiasedresultswhenthewasteformdoesnotmeetthecalibrationspecificationsandthemeasurementassumptionspresentedinthistestmethodregardingtherequirementsforahomogeneousmatrix,uniformsourcedistribution,andtheabsenceofnuclearmateriallumps,totheextentthattheyeffectthemeasurement.1.6Thecompleteactiveandpassiveassayofa208Ldrumisnominally10minorless.1.7Improvementstothistestmethodhavebeenreported(1,2,3,4).Discussionsoftheseimprovementsarenotincludedinthistestmethod.1.8Thisstandardmayinvolvehazardousmaterials,operations,andequipment.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.SpecificprecautionarystatementsaregiveninSection8.
【中国标准分类号】:F40
【国际标准分类号】:27_120_30
【页数】:15P.;A4
【正文语种】:
基本信息
标准名称: | 电器附件暗装用面板、调整板和安装盒 |
英文名称: | Plates、frames and mounting boxes for the flush mounted electrical accessories |
中标分类: |
电工 >>
电气设备与器具 >>
电气设备与器具综合 |
替代情况: | 原标准号GB 1245-87 |
发布部门: | 全国电器附件标准化技术委员会 |
发布日期: | 1997-07-25 |
实施日期: | 1997-10-01 |
首发日期: | 1900-01-01 |
作废日期: | 1900-01-01 |
归口单位: | 全国电器附件标准化技术委员会 |
出版日期: | 1900-01-01 |
页数: | 29 页 |
批文号: | 机械科[1997]588号 |
适用范围
JB/T 8593-1997 本标准非等效采用 ISC 670(1989)《家用及类似固定电气装置附件外壳的一般要求》制订的。 本标准自实施之日起,GB 1245-87《电器装置暗装用面板、调整板和接线盒》废止。 本标准适用于额定电压不超过交流 440V、额定电流不大于 32A、家用及类似环境用暗装式的电器附件,如开关、插座、电铃按钮等所用的面板、调整板和安装盒。 电器附件暗装用的面板、调整板和安装盒,适用于安装或悬吊照明设备用的安装盒。 本标准不适用于装有过电流保护装置的组合电器附件,也不适用于汇流条线槽型的电器附件。
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所属分类: 电工 电气设备与器具 电气设备与器具综合